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Thanayi Barone
Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology
1988 New York City Department of Health
Health Research Training Program
Research Associate Training Program
Project: "A Historical and Pragmatic Review of Drug Treatment
Modalities"
1993 Wintrop University Hospital
Garden City, New York
Department of Endocrinology
Research Associate of Dr. James Yeh
Project: "The Influence of Execrise on the Cancellous Bone of the
Aged Female Rat"
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 8:9; 1117-1125.
1998 "Silent Myocardial Ischemia in the Cocaine-Abusing
Abusing Parturient."
Study in Progress
1998 "Memory and Awareness during General Anesthesia"
Study in Progress
1998 "Dose EDTA- free 2- Chloroprocaine Inhibit Neuraxial Morphine
at Various Doses?"
Study in Progress
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Arnold J Berry
Professor, Anesthesiology
1. Prevention of transmission in the operating room from patient to anesthesia personnel and between patients. Anesthesia safety devices to prevent needlestick and sharp injuries.
2. Anesthesia for major vascular surgery including liver transplantation. Outcome research on factors associated with adverse events after major vascular surgery.
3. Physician impairment including chemical dependence and fatigue.
4. Occupational health related to the practice of anesthesiology.
5. Graduate medical education and continuing medical education.
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Keith K Brosius
Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology
1. Midazolam premedication in pediatric surgical patients.
2. Bispectral Index monitoring in pediatric anesthesia.
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Michael Gary Byas-Smith
Associate Professor, Anesthesiology
1. Effects of chronic cocaine dopamine transporter regulation. Determine the effects of cocaine on DAT trafficking in rhesus monkey as a function of behavior consistent with drug abuse behavior.
2. Mechanisms of anesthetic drugs. Determine the molecular effects of anesthetic drugs on the central nervous system, particular monoamine transporter systems, and the physiological signficance of these effects.
3. Mechanisms of opioid tolerance, pain perception and analgesia. Effects of pain and opioid analgesic medications on brain function; long-term effects of opioid administration.
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James E Cooke
Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology
Evaluation of pulse oxygenation and pulse plethysmography in pathologic states, and abnormal environmental situations. Development of pulse oximetry techniques to improve accuracy in the OR.
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Marie Elizabeth Csete
Associate Professor, Anesthesiology
A unifying theme of my lab is the study of the role of oxygen and oxidative stress in the development, differentiation and plasticity of stem cells. The work in the lab is very basic, but with a strong focus on moving the bench science to the clinic. Some ongoing projects are described below:
How do stem cells age?:
Gene expression and developmental potential of the satellite stem cell in aged mice.
My previous work showed that satellite stem cells, once thought to generate only muscle, can also generate fat. In culture, this primary adipogenesis is increased by high oxygen (20%), and high levels of reactive oxygen species, and blocked by culture in lower oxygen conditions (2-6%). As we age we lose substantial amounts of muscle mass and also accumulate fat in our muscle. This change in muscle with aging has been thought of as a non-specific degenerative phenomenon. However, because of the abundance and potential of satellite stem cells resident in muscle, I believe that they play an important role in the aged phenotype. In a Program Project funded by the National Institute of Aging, we are characterizing the basic biology of stem cells from aged mice (exposed to high levels of oxidative stress) vs. those of young mice: their proliferation, threshold for apoptosis, and differentiation patterns, as well as looking at their expression profile (at the single cell level).
Erythropoietin in the therapy of Parkinson's disease.
Parkinson's disease is a common degenerative disease in which dopaminergic neuronal function is lost. Current therapies lose effectiveness with time. Our previous work showed the erythropoietin promotes the differentiation of dopaminergic neurons from CNS stem cells. We have gone on to show that erythropoietin is anti-apoptotic in a cultured dopaminergic neuroblast line, and that it protects against neuronal loss in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Our current efforts are devoted to looking at the signal transduction and transcriptional changes initiated by erythropoietin, in order to identify other potential therapies for Parkinson's disease. In addition we are defining the best, clinically relevant delivery strategies for erythropoietin in a rat model of the disease. This work is funded by the NINDS and NIMH.
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Donald D Denson
Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology
My clinical research efforts are in the area of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamicsof CNS active drugs. For example we are evaluating the efficacy of methadone administered by rapid intravenous titration in pain management. Another pharmacokinetic /dynamic study involves intravenous infusions of progesterone in traumatic brain injury and acute stroke patients.
Basic neuroscience research in my laboratory is focused on the regulation of CNS ion channels by signal transduction pathways. Membrane lipids are critical precursors in cellular signaling pathways. One lipid signaling molecule, arachidonic acid, regulates large conductance calcium-activated K+ (BK) channels within the CNS. The activity of BK channels is very sensitive to arachidonic acid and c-PLA2 expression. Understanding regulation of c-PLA2 and production of arachidonic acid is important for understanding CNS function activity. An additional question is the mechanism by which c-PLA2 and arachidonic acid are able to modify channel activity. Arachidonic acid sensitivity is not shared by all BK-channels. BK-channels from GH3 cells are sensitive to arachidonic acid, but BK-channels from GH4 cells (a subclone of GH3 cells) are not. This difference is not due to the presence or absence of c-PLA2 since this lipase is expressed equally in both cell types, but the two cells have different BK-channel splice variants one of which is sensitive to arachidonic acid and one which is not. While expression of different splice variants, in and of itself, is not particularly surprising, the fact that the variants have different sensitivities to arachidonic acid is. The objective of this research is to determine how these differences in BK-channel structure affect their functional activity thereby giving us some insight into how different cell types within the CNS respond to altered pathophysiology such as the acidosis and hypoxemia observed during stroke and reperfusion injury. The three major experimental areas are: (1) to isolate the alpha BK subunit splice variants from GH3 and GH4 cells and determine the effect of arachidonic acid on the alpha or alpha + beta subunits of each variant; (2) determine if there is PLA2 binding site on BK channel alpha subunit and whether PLA2 can act as an adapter protein facilitating the interaction of the BK alpha and beta subunits; and (3) determine how c-PLA2 is regulated by G proteins and protein kinases to produce functional changes in BK channel activity.
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Peggy G Duke
Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology
Involved in randomized, prospective study of 200 patients receiving either coronary artery bypass surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass or off cardiopulmonary bypass (beating heart). Involved with establishing the protocol for the anesthetic management and the criteria for extubation either in the operating room or the ICU.
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Raphael Y Gershon
Associate Professor, Anesthesiology
Much of my focus has centered on the specific disease entities of HIV infection and cocaine abuse, and their impact on anesthesia care during parturition, especially in terms of coagulation status. Over the years I have also studied diminished opiod/local anesthetic requirements during regional analgesia and anesthesia secondary to the pregnant patient's evaluation in intrathecal progesterone. This brought me to my current series of projects looking into differences in memory and awareness during general anesthesia in women of varying intrathecal progesterone levels (cesarean section-high progesterone vs laparoscopic tubal ligation-low progesterone level).
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Andrew Jenkins
Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology
The primary role of the GABA(A) receptor is to subserve synaptic inhibition, the process by which excitation of a presynaptic interneuron prevents the excitation of a postsynaptic principal neuron within the hierarchical circuitry ubiquitous within brain areas responsible for the processing of sensory information. The receptor functions as a chemical to voltage transducer, converting inhibitory chemical signals into hyperpolarizing membrane potentials in a wide variety of neuronal cell types throughout the nervous system. When the amplitude, duration or timing of these inhibitory signals is altered either by drug or disease, the function of the CNS is profoundly altered. Positive modulation of receptor function leads to unconsciousness while inhibition results in seizures; GABR gene deletion in mice results in profound behavioral dysfunction and exonic SNPs in humans have been linked to families with epilepsy, schizophrenia and autism.
The overall objective of the work conducted in my laboratory is to gain a greater understanding of how drugs and mutations alter the function of the g-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor. Using the modern molecular pharmacology tools of patch-clamp electrophysiology, site directed mutagenesis, kinetic and homology modeling we have identified specific regions within the receptor that couple with one-another to govern the opening and closing of the receptors ion channel.
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Jay W Johansen
Associate Professor, Anesthesiology
My research interests lie in two primary areas: 1) Novel and synergistic interactions among anesthetic drugs and the mechanism of anesthetic action; 2) Hypnotic assessment in the operating room and intensive care unit using the electroencephalogram and bispectral index. The impact of new technology has also been explored with emphasis on outcome and economic analyses.
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Chantal MFE Kerssens
Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology
Trained as a cognitive psychologist (MS, PhD), my research interests have been in memory function during anesthesia, in particular its relation to depth of sedation. Rather than to focus on patients with conscious recall of intraoperative events, commonly known as 'awareness-cases', my interest lies in preserved elements of auditory perception and information processing and their contribution to less explicit forms of memory. For this purpose, we use a combination of neuroimaging, electrophysiological and behavioral techniques. Other interests pertaining to the anesthetized patient include the impact of emotionally charged information and individual differences in performance and outcome.
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Jerrold Henry Levy
Professor, Anesthesiology
Dr. Levy's research interests include cardiovascular pharmacology, the therapy of shock, acute inflammation and anaphylactic reactions, hemostasis, and vascular physiology. He has been active in studying the effects of endothelial dependent and independent vasodilators on vascular responses, and elucidating mechanisms involved in anaphylactic shock. One of his current research efforts is the application of transgenic technologies in clinical medicine. He has also studied different methods to reduce bleeding and transfusion requirements in cardiac surgery. His current efforts are also directed at developing new strategies to limit inflammatory and hemostatic activation during cardiac and noncardiac surgery.
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Darlene Ledrut Mashman
Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology
1996-American Society of Anesthesiology Annual Meeting/ Scientific Exhibit
Malignant Hyperthermia Education Program and Response Plan a Major
Teaching Hospital
1999- Development of National Teaching Program and Response Plan for Malignant Hyperthermia jointly with the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States (manual and video)
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Anne M McKenzie-Brown
Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology
Coagulation changes in acutely bleeding trauma patients coming to the operating room for surgery. Interests also include research into chronic pain states.
Does local anesthetic volume affect the efficacy of trigger point injections. In progress.
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Bruce E Miller
Associate Professor, Anesthesiology
My research has focused on defining the etiologies of the coagulopathies after pediatric cardiac surgery and delineating which therapies appropriately correct these coagulopathies.
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Andrea Nancy Pelle
Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology
Past projects on TEG evaluation of coagulation status in trauma patients and low dose rocuronium on intubating conditions.
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James Gordon Ramsay
Professor, Anesthesiology
Ischemic outcomes after cardiac and major vascular surgery. This includes participation in a multicenter research group (Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia,or McSPI)with collection of prospective data and participation in industry sponsored trials of new therapies to reduce ischemic outcomes. ALso, evaluation of new monitoring technologies (multi and single center) including insvasive monitoring and patient information systems.
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James F Scott III, III
Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology
1991 - Co-investigator for exploratory dose finding study using IV Buprenorphine loading dose and IV patient controlled analgesia (PCA) with Buprenopphine and TTS Buprenorphine.
1999-Present - Co-investigator for Intraoperative administration of
Methadone and Fentanyl. A comparative study of
Postoperative analgesia sparing effects.
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Peter Simon Sebel
Professor, Anesthesiology
1. Neurophysiology of anesthesia
2. Memory function during anesthesia
3. Pharmacology of opioids and volatile anesthetics
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Kenichi Tanaka
Associate Professor, Anesthesiology
My research goals are two fold;
1. Improvement of clinical anticoagulation through application of novel drugs and better monitoring. Various anticoagulant agents are tested in vitro and in vivo using novel monitoring equipments.
2. Optimizing hemostatic balance is important because excessive procoagulant stimuli may cause thrombotic complications. To this end, effects of hemostatic products and levels of endogenous anticoagulant proteins are being measured in blood obtained from cardiac surgical patients after extracorporeal circuit procedures.
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Steven Robert Tosone
Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology
1. Neonates with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome exhibit unique physiology because the output of their single ventricular chamber must be distributed to both the pulmonary and systemic circulations in a narrow proportion for optimal conditions. Many therapeutic options exist to adjust systemic and pulmonary resistance and ventricular function, but the ability to quantitate the ratio of flow in the two circulations is lacking. We are comparing technologies to make these measurements including intermittent venous oxygen saturation, lactic acid levels, continuous intravascular venous saturation, and near infra-red spectroscopy of cerebral tissue, all as estimates of the adequacy of systemic perfusion.
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